The Fundamentals of Professional Online Research Paper Writing Service Revealed

The Fundamentals of Professional Online Research Paper Writing Service Revealed The Good, the Bad and Professional Online Research Paper Writing Service Just have a peek at our price calculator to learn what your perfect price for the paper is! If you wish to get high high quality research and thesis papers punctually and for an affordable price, you should probably try out using EssaySupply.com. You could also begin researching the places you want to travel to and the total amount of time you want to travel for. Some students are worried about the originality of papers they buy online, but others fret about their privacy or high rates. Understanding Professional Online Research Paper Writing Service Our site features custom writing help and editing support. Find a person to use any type and get a research isn't enough. Explain how you want to go started conducting your research. In truth, it's definitely the most significant part research paper writing. Skilled essay writ ing crew and expert research raper service team will make it possible for you to receive well-written papers which may help you to receive top grades. Your task in research paper writing is to create your own contribution to the particular area of science. If you lack technical writing skills then it's near impossible to compose a research paper. Essay Chamber supplies a plethora of online writing services. Research is one of the very important aspects needed when writing. Students will take part in online discussions along with peer review. The best means for you to be sure that your essay will be original and authentic once you purchase research paper on the internet is to get it written by a specialist. It is a good idea to look for the one which has an excellent reputation and offers high-quality papers at very affordable rates. There are lots of websites where it's possible to locate a research paper. Although essays and research papers can be an issue, term papers are way more complex than a lot of the academic assignments. Since identifying the precise topic has become the most significant in research paper writing, it's important for writers of the customized essay papers to study how to conduct a research on a particular topic and the way to write down the results. The complete papers will likely be according to it. The absolute most important element to keep in mind is that you're writing a research paper and not an essay! If you're looking for top essay writing companies, try out the mentioned above. As soon as you get your completed essay, make sure you tell all your friends what a superior service it is and what's the best place to buy cheap essays. All that you require to do in order to find the best essay writing service on the internet is to order now, and we'll certainly deliver the very best essay writings in time. Up in Arms About Professional Online Research Paper Writing Service? Been advertising on-line essay writing services to cover your services. So you're certain to get reasonably priced service. Our service includes one totally free edit. Our services can be availed any moment throughout the world. Professional Online Research Paper Writing Service Features For this reason, you can feel sure your paper is going to be custom written with an expert with the right qualification. Our reviews and tips will help you produce the selection! Is a service which supplies you with a group of competent writers, selection. A paper writing site you are able to trust. The Secret to Professional Online Research Paper Writing Service Indeed, it's very simple to attain all that. Researching on the websites that you can find the papers can be lots of benefits as you're ready to have the capacity to purchase high-quality papers. The website isn't at fault due to your selection of writer. One crows our site guarantee that you will. Wh y it's awesome internet dating profiles we write my profile about your business's service. Professional Online Research Paper Writing Service - Dead or Alive? Indeed, if you prefer to get a result, it's crucial to turn only to experts! The increasing number of essay writing services is totally overwhelming. The respected services will guarantee the whole process from start to delivery. When students need papers of any sort, they are easily able to find an honest service and. Definitions of Professional Online Research Paper Writing Service Essay writing is that which we do. The subject of the paper is what you wish to say about the discipline. There are several scam writing companies out there. Reviews There is not any greater approach to determine if a business delivers on its. As a consequence, the paper comes out very average or even bad, and you're unsatisfied whatsoever, and you believe all writing businesses are very similar to that. The size of the business reall y doesn't matter. Professional Online Research Paper Writing Service Features Best professional on-line essay writer organization is at your services. Writing quality essays is the principal use of our services. Writers of the best internet essay writing service should have the ability to master the task and meet the deadline. Best Essay Service in Uk is prepared to help with writing! The Hidden Secret of Professional Online Research Paper Writing Service Leading quality is here in order to elect for your work! The executive's aim is to profit by filling a void locally with the very best. Our writing service is prepared to assist you with your private statement any moment! You can select the service which best suits your requirements and writing style.

The Treatment of Native Americans on Reservations

The Treatment of Native Americans on Reservations Ever since white men came to the New World, they were never at peace with the native peoples. One of the first white men to come to North America was Sir Walter Raleigh, who took the Indians he met as slaves as early as 1584. In the years that followed, settlers forced the Native Americans further and further west. By the year 1850, there had been many attempts at peaceful negotiations and uprisings on both sides, but the government eventually decided that reservations were the only way to contain the Indians and have peace. These reservations took away their pride, freedom, and way of life. Native Americans in reservations today are still plagued by lack of food and shelter, health and†¦show more content†¦Before the Kansas-Nebraska Act, whites had not been legally allowed to purchase land from the Indians, they just pushed them further west. After the Act, whites were allowed to purchase land from them for a certain price . -plainshumanities.unl.edu The government made the Indians move off their land to the new reservations, where they were given individual farms, or allotments. In one way, this was better than living on the reservations, because there was less brutal contact between the whites and the Indians. Instead of government forces constantly pushing them to the Pacific Coast, government officials made them move directly to plots of land. --plainshumanities.unl.edu After being moved to unfamiliar land (and the Europeans took the best lands for themselves), they could not feed themselves well. They could not hunt or farm on bad land, and the food and money sent to them monthly was not nearly enough. Also, they did not know how to do irrigation systems, plus the government would force several different (often hostile) tribes into a new land together. --us history.org Children had to go to schools specifically for Indians. They were taught to read and write English, and were forced to convert to Christianity (Life on the Reservations). They also were forced to look and dress like Americans. The population dwindled rapidly. Without their old ways of life, many people died on the way to the reservation, on the reservation (due to alcoholism, poverty, andShow MoreRelatedNative American Healing And Native Americans1478 Words   |  6 Pagestwenty-one of those tribes reside in Arizona. In fact, Arizona State Tempe campus is located on the ancestral homelands of the Akimel O’odham (Pima) and Pee Posh (Maricopa) people. Native American healing is a unique system that varies from tribe to tribe but most share similar characteristics of treatment. Native American healing goes back thousands of years before the European settlers migrated to North America. The indigenous people at the time were familiar with plants, herbs, smoke, prayers, andRead MoreThe Treatment Of Native Americans1426 Words   |  6 Pagesinsulting the Native American people with poor excuses. This paper will discuss the fairness of the treatment of Native Americans in America by the US government over the years, and consider the effects of this treatment and abuse even today. It will look into the lives of those living on the Reservations, the Native Americans who have moved into an urban society. It will be explained by researching how they are being treated even in modern times. The cruel treatment of Native Americans is nothingRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcoholism On American Indians And Alaska1429 Words   |  6 Pageshealth impact on American Indians and Alaska Native than on other racial groups† (Landen, M., Roeber, J., Naimi, T., Nielsen, L., Sewell, M., 2014). American Indians and Alaska Natives have the â€Å"highest rate of binge drinking (30.2%) and heavy alcohol use (8.5%) of all racial groups in the United States† (Rieckmann, 2016). To fight high rates of alcoholism, federal law was implemented for prohibition of alcohol on Indian Reservations in 1974. Alcohol abuse on the reservation is cause for muchRead MoreWar Crimes Against Native Americans Essay1062 Words   |  5 PagesWar crimes against Native Americans. Retrieved from http://www.worldfuturefund.org/wffmaster/Reading/war.crimes/US/Indian.Removal.htm Diller, J. V. (2015). Cultural diversity: a primer for the human services. Australia: Cengage Learning. Conversations with Native Americans about mental health needs and community strengths. (March 2009). Retrieved from http://www.dhcs.ca.gov/services/MH/Documents/BP_Native_American Native American communities and mental health. Retrieved from http://wwwRead MoreThe Dawes Severalty Act of 1887826 Words   |  3 PagesThere has been much documentation on the plight of Native Americans throughout the beginnings of this nation. In spite of the attempts by the early government of the United States, the culture of many Native American tribes has survived and even flourished. The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 is just one of many examples of how our government attempted to wipe out Native American culture. This paper will discuss the Dawes Act, particularly the time leading up to the act, the act itself, and finallyRead MoreEssay about Black Elk and the History of the Lakota Native American690 Words   |  3 PagesLakota Native Americans. Having witnessed the Battle of Little Bighorn and living through the transfer of Native Americans to the Pine Ridge Reservation, Black Elk can attest to the treatment endured by Native Americans. Black Elk tells the story of a peop le injured in war and subject to sufferings for the years to follow. Black Elk was born in 1863 in Wyoming (â€Å"Black Elk†). He would later become the Oglala Lakota holy man (â€Å"Black Elk – 1863-1950†). Chief Crazy Horse led a group of Sioux Native AmericansRead MoreFilm Review : Little To Brooklyn And Back By Mushkeg Media Inc. And The National Film Board Of Essay1344 Words   |  6 Pagesnarrator of this film is Raeghan Tarbell who is a member of the Mohawk community. Her accounts of driving to her current home in Brooklyn to the Reservation parallels the travels of her family and Mohawk people before her. Little Caughnawaga to Brooklyn and Back is a film that explores the lives of the Mohawk people living on the Caughnawaga or Kahnawake Reservation near Montreal, Canada. It also highlights a terrible tragedy that the Mohawk community was able to overcome. As a result of this tragedy andRead MoreLiberty And Education For All America, The Land Of Opportunity1531 Words   |  7 Pageseducation people can get jobs and make a living off it. Native Americans need education to get out of poverty and to reach out to society and, hopefully, catch with the rest of the world. People tend to forgot the importance of Native Americans and that they too can contribute to the country. Even though people think as America is the best at everything, the people running the country do not seem to care that graduation rates on Native American reservations are lower because of poverty and lack of importanceRead MoreNative Americans and the Frontie Essay989 Words   |  4 PagesNative Americans and the Frontier The Native Americans of today are descendents of the Mongoloid people who migrated from Asia into N. America somewhere in between 20 to 40,000 years ago. When the Europeans rediscovered N. America at the end of the 15th century, the Native Americans whom they discovered were particularly diverse in nature. They were diverse in terms of their religion, political organisation and their language. Aspects of the relationshipsRead MoreReservation Blues By Sherman Alexie1256 Words   |  6 Pagestowards building a cohesive country. Sherman Alexie’s story Reservation Blues explores the lives of some Native Americans who wrestled with cultural, racial, and religious barriers to embrace the rest of the country. The story reflects the process of racial and cultural integration the country has been going through since its inception, revealing an underlying struggle by the minority groups in the country to become part of the Americans culture that is often dominated by the majority white population

hiphop is alive free essay sample

Im a fan of hip-hop. A huge fan. I love real hip-hop. I love all music, in fact I would claim that music is my life. Which is exactly why I shouldnt be allowed at a Lil Wayne concert. I need to keep an open mind, and not focus on one of the greatest artists to ever bless the mic. Last night I attended the Lil Wayne concert in Providence, Rhode Island and it ethered any concert Ive ever been too in my life. From start to finish I was in a completely different universe. Let me start at the top (but keep in mind I am not a journalist, and am just gonna do my best to recite some of the details accurately): I left Boston around 5:00, leaving 2 hours of time in case of traffic. I arrived to providence around 6:00, which was great, because I was able to get great parking. Me any my boy went into the Dunkin Donuts center, after failing to find any food around the venue and decided to purchase some extremely overpriced food inside the stadium. We then went to our seats, which were a disappointment to say the least. They were floor seats, but in the very back and to the right of all the lighting equipment. The stage was visible, but barely. For $85 tickets, this was NOT acceptable. We then proceeded to move into the section right at the front of the stage, and thankfully succeeded. These seats were absolutely incredible, and I suddenly regretted not bringing my camera. At around 7:45 the concert began First came Tay Dizm. Now if I could find one other person in that entire stadium who first of all knew who was performing, or even knew who Tay Dizm was I would have been incredibly surprised. People got hyped as soon as they heard the hook from T-Pain on the song Beam Me Up but as soon as Tay Dizm started rapping, the enthusiasm drastically increased. I personally would have much rather heard some Gorilla Zoe. Tay Dizm then went into his Akon assisted second single, Dream Girl. Once again, as soon as Tay Dizm started rapping, he lost the crowds support. Thankfully, thats where the set ended. Next came the new group Electrik Red. This confused me, because I have no idea as to why they opened up after Tay Dizm. They are even less known than him! Now because Kingz over at YK2 speaks so highly of this group, I had pretty high expectations, and I cant lie, but they really let me down. Bad choreography was a common theme throughout there entire performance. They performed songs such as Drink In My Cup, Friend Lover, We F You, and their lead single So Good. Going back and listening to these songs, theyre not bad by any means, but live Electrik Red is horrendous. Next came the talented Keri Hilson. She is a great talent, ill give her that. Her album is being released on the 24th of March, so make sure everyone goes out and supports her. Remembering all her songs though its gonna be a struggle. Anyway, Miss Keri prevailed on her first single Energy. My boy looked at me at one point and said shes lip sinking because of how great she sounded, but I knew otherwise which is what made her performance of Energy so great. You need to have a great voice to perform that track. She also went off on her future single, Knock You Down. She slowed things down and went into her track, Slow Dance. She ended with of course the very popular track, Turnin Me On and Wayne was nowhere to be found. She still ripped it though. Keri had incredible swag, energy, and a great voice. The one negative thing I have to say is that she needs to get back on that long haired status. In the video for Energy she looks soooo much better than she does now. Please Keri? This is when the show truly began. As im still sitting in my incredible seats, the Gym Class Heroes banner hung from the back drop. A live band then appeared on stage. Absolutely incredible set. Remembering these songs are gonna be tough to remember but let me try. The song that had me the most excited was Live A Little that doesnt even have Travis McCoy in it, but is an incredible song that they absolutely ripped. Anyways, he opened the show with Peace Sign/Index Down and he had everyone on their feet. Then came Guilty as Charged. He then went into a little speech about if anyones ever been in love before. He explained how he took cupid and beat him. Then you could hear the ever popular Cupids Chokehold blazing through the speakers. The set ended with the popular single Cookie Jar. Overall this was an incredible set, and if he headlined a tour, id be there in a heartbeat. Everyone support Gym Class Heroes, cause there not going ANYWHERE. I remained in my incredible seats, as some of my friends from school moved up into my section. The anticipation for Wayne was clearly building, as T-Pains circus scenery appeared in the background. Well a little more of a wait, and Pain comes rolling up, on a green golf cart looking type of thing accompanied by green spinners. Next to him was his partner in crime, one of those freaky guys with paint all over his face. Pain did a lot more dancing during this set than singing which truly was not my thing. They put on a mix of many different songs, and T-Pain danced alongside his whole circus. The highlight of his dancing were the little kids who absolutely ran the stage. Then after about 30 minutes of this foolery, the songs started coming. He did many featured tracks such as, The Boss, and his verse from Green Light Remix which I really hope he releases soon. He went into a set then where he showed his musical talents by playing both the piano and drums, and there is no doubt hes a t alented guy. He then went back into singing and performed, Freeze which features Chris Brown. Right before going into the song T-Pain his circus partner in crime went into a little fight scene (meaning Chris Brown Rihanna, such a force). He went into songs like, Chopped Skrewed Buy You A Drink. He then slowed it down and did the best song of his entire show by performing the song Keep Going dedicated to his kids. He did this alongside an acoustic guitar and absolutely murdered it, and showed that he can actually sing without a vocoder. This is when the staff guy came and kicked me out of the section, while my boy and my other friends remained. I stayed walking around as he performed his final song, Cant Believe It. As soon as it ended, I was able to sneak back into the seats, as I eagerly awaited Wayne to come on stage. What I will say about Pain is that he needs to spend a lot more time singing and much less dancing. He has a good voice and I woulda preferred to hear him do son gs such as, Im Sprung Bartender instead of dancing foolishly around the stage. Not terrible though. Probably the third best set of the night. And here comes the main attraction. The president himself. Who absolutely destroyed this 2 hour set. He also had a live band on stage with him which was a very good look. They killed it. There was also a DJ sitting right in the middle. I was incredibly excited to see him perform, after having Wayne not show up for Monster Jam back in October, and not seeing him perform since last June at Summer Jam. His DJ then said, Whos ready to see Lil Wayne!?! Music started blazing out of the speakers as lights flashed from every direction. Suddenly there was a burst of flames and Wayne came jumping out onto the stage. The energy he exerts during his concerts is absolutely spectacular. He went straight into Mr. Carter, killing his verses, while the entire Dunkin Donuts Center rapped alongside him. When Jays verse began Wayne motioned for everyone to throw up the Roc, and like a cult everyone quickly followed. He then brought out T-Pain again and they went into there little T-Wayne phase. Sadly, they didnt perform the new song, Snap Ya Fingaz which woulda been incredible, but they instead stayed talking to each other and performed the song, He Raps, He Sings. This wasnt great because Pain did the majority of the rapping, but I have to say that it did sound so much better than the times Id heard it on the internet. He then performed his very popular verse from the, They Know Remix. Then Pain, Weezy, Mack Maine performed, Got Money (Remix). Finally, T-Pain left and Weezy went into introducing his crew. This was the one disappointment of the show. As loyal fans to the site may know, I am a HUGE Drake fan and a pretty big Nicki Minaj fan as well, and sadly neither of them came out. This was really upsetting, because I was under the impression that Drake came out for every show, but I guess thats Mack Maines job instead. Mack Maine came out and performed some song that Im sure I have and just dont care about. He is really a terrible performer. Finally he ended Weezy came back out. He then introduced Young Money (Lil Twist, Lil Chuckee, Gutta Gutta, T-Streets, Jae Millz). They performed their new single Filet Mignon which is when I realized Drizzy Drake Rogers wouldnt be coming out, even though they still killed it. Young Money exited the stage, and the real music began. Where do I start? Performances of, Money On My Mind, Pop Bottles, Im Me (crazy energy, even with everyone tired), Phone Home, Mrs. Officer, Go DJ, Shoot Me Down, La La, Skys The Limit (he always murders that), Hustlerz Muzik. He then performed other crowd favorites, such as a CRAZY performance of Fireman. He had fire everywhere as well as at one point he went behind some kind of flame thrower and pointed the flames towards the audience. Next came his little singing bit, where he took out his guitar and sang us some, Prostitute but still struggled with the guitar part of the performance. After that, he brought back out Ms. Keri Hilson for the incredibly popular Turnin Me On and she exite d after telling the crowd, Lil Wayne just isnt so little. Then came Ms. Shonelle who is the newest member of Young Money, and who came out to sing the hook for DontGetIt which was a nice part of the show. Then came the BANGERS. It started out with Wayne going in on his hugest single to date, Lollipop. He sang this with the help of Shonelle as well. Next came, the Shonelle written, Prom Queen which featured Wayne in a suit, once again NOT playing the guitar. Prom Queen ended with Shontelle hooking up with Wayne (thoughts to his wife Nivea) Then the show closed out with Wayne performing his hugest street single too date, A Milli where he just to be quite frank went crazy. He thanked the fans, turned on some Whitney Houston, put on his robe, and exited through the bottom of the stage. Wayne killed this performance. Theres nothing more I can say. Ive seen Hov perform, and this somehow beat it. It was absolutely sensational. He brought energy, and I thoroughly enjoyed the concert from start to finish. Best believe I will be attending again if he does ever come back out to Boston. Wayne, thank u for this experience, it was well worth the money. You have now officially confirmed my suspicions that you are currently the Best Rapper Alive. Goodnight.

Negligence free essay sample

Paper Negligence, gross negligence, and malpractice are terms that healthcare professionals fear being involved in. We have healthcare laws and policies that guide each healthcare practice. In today’s litigious society, we see healthcare lawsuits that are wrongfully filled, some that are not valid, and some unjustly settled cases. Yet there are some situations where a lawsuit should have definitely taken place and no one filed. There are people that live of monies collected from lawsuits, while there are people that are uneducated, and unaware of these options. This paper will discuss the differences between malpractice, gross negligence, and negligence, and then use this information to comment on how a reasonable nurse would have possibly prevented that mishap that took place in the story of the patient in the Neighborhood, Episode 7, Season 3 newspaper article. â€Å"Negligence is a general term that denotes conduct lacking in due care† (Guido, 2010). In the healthcare world this means not providing proper care, or providing care that is inappropriate. We will write a custom essay sample on Negligence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This also meaning that the reasonable healthcare worker would have acted differently in the same situation. According to an article by Cornock, four elements must be proven to establish negligence, which are duty of care, breach of duty, harm, and causation (2011). Duty of care meaning that the healthcare professional owed the person a certain standard of care that he or she did not meet. Breach of duty is when the healthcare professional failed to act in a way that was expected from his or her professional area of expertise. Harm refers to the need to prove that harm has been sustained as a result of the breach of duty. Causation is speaking of needing to show a causal link between n the breach of duty and the harm suffered by the patient (Cornock, 2011). Malpractice is sometimes referred to a â€Å"professional negligence† (Guido, 2010). Malpractice encompasses patients receiving improper care as well as a break in the standards of practice of that healthcare professional. In order to file a malpractice lawsuit, the defendant must be a professional, such as a nurse, doctor, lawyer, etc. Courts have continually defined malpractice as professional misconduct, unreasonable lack of sill, or infidelity in professional or judiciary duties† (Guido, 2010). Usually malpractice results in the harm of a client. Among healthcare professionals, malpractice is any bad, unskilled, or negligent treatment that injures the patient. A standard of conduct is taken into consideration when analyzing malpractice cases. According to Quick, standard of conduct is the degree of skill and learning ordinarily possessed and used by members of the profession (2006). A member, who has met these standards, cannot generally be found negligent. Negligence and malpractice may be similar in nature and could possibly overlap. What determines the difference is if the person committing the act is a professional. A caretaker with no license would be accused of negligence and a nurse would be accused of malpractice. The other difference is that most courts have decided that professionals should be upheld to providing a higher quality of care than a non-professional. Gross negligence is when a healthcare worker knows that their actions will cause direct harm to the patient, but they do it anyway (Quick, 2006). Gross negligence, as defined, is a much more complicated and alarming concept. Gross negligence is an act or omission â€Å"which when viewed objectively from the standpoint of the actor at the time of its occurrence involves an extreme degree of risk, considering the probability and magnitude of the potential harm to others; and of which the actor has actual, subjective awareness of the risk involved, but nevertheless proceeds with conscious indifference to the rights, safety, or welfare of others† (Quick, 2006). Some examples would be using restraints as a convenience rather than for the patient’s safety until the patient develops either physical or psychological problems or not changing dressings on a post op patient until the patient develops an infection. The newspaper article in The Neighborhood, Episode 7, Season 3 is about a patient whom I believe was a victim of malpractice. He went into the local hospital to have one of his legs amputated due to diabetic complications. When he woke up from the surgery he discovered the wrong leg was amputated. He became terrified when he finally convinced himself that he would end up with no legs instead of what the original plan was. His quality of life would be tremendously affected. What he could do still having one leg; he would never again be able to do without any legs. The surgeon and the surgical team who committed this wrong are professionals and therefore this represents malpractice. The surgeon and his surgical team did not follow proper protocol prior to the surgery. As a nurse in this case I would have taken a few know precautions to lessen the probability of this type of life threatening mistake to occur. First, a pre-procedure checklist should have been prepared and signed off by multiple services such as surgical admitting, pre-op nursing staff, and finally operating room nurses prior to the surgery. These types of checklists have been adopted at most hospitals. The checklist includes verifying it is the right person, the right procedure, the right body part, the correct medications, and equipment. Performing a surgical pause or time and having all members agree would have eradicated this issue. If this checklist had been properly followed the mistake would have been prevented. Documenting everything that is done is a vital part of the nurse’s job, and one of the ways nurses can protect themselves from lawsuits. If a surgical pause had been done, and documentation had begun from the moment the patient arrived at surgical admitting that day, then mistakes like these would not have occurred. Documentation can greatly lessen the chances of untoward events like these. Conclussion With all the tasks at hand, it is easy to bypass documentation, and try to save some time by doing it later. In this example trying to save time has cost somebody to live the remainder of their lives with no legs. The article mentions a shortage of nursing staff that the hospital was experiencing. This most likely had a big impact on what happened in the operating room. The hospital will now probably face the challenge of keeping its doors open due to not dealing with employee concerns. Negligence, malpractice, and gross negligence can all be avoided simply by following hospital policies nd protocols.

Free Essays on Pond

The Trolley Track Pond The duck pond by my grandfather’s house still holds a feeling of adventure and fun as well as calmness that I have never experienced anywhere else. It has crystal clear water and trees that have grown just so perfect for climbing. When I was younger I would climb these trees, tying to reach as far as I could before getting too scared and returning to the ground. Then there were days I would climb to a spot in my favorite tree, my â€Å"Pooh Tree† as I called it, which leaned out over the water just right. From this spot in my tree, I could sit there and stare at my reflection in the perfect water, looking at my face with a beautiful background and not have a care in the world. For some reason, I could always go to that spot, sit in that tree and be as far away from all the problems I had in my young life at the age of thirteen. The duck pond was originally dug in 1915 when the trolley tracks that connected from what I remember, Albion and Medina. My grandfather Ronald Haylett dug it to supply water to his orchards and it was also a rest stop for the trolley to pick individuals up for travel. There are still rocks and rails from the old trolley track surrounding the west side of the pond, but it is no longer used for anything, except the pond for spraying orchards, and fishing. Even so, my cousin Stephen and I spent countless days adventuring around there. Our days always began with Stephen sprinting out the front door and me following right behind him yelling for him to slow down and wait as he darted through the backyard. Stephen and I were only two years apart, so it seemed natural for us to be spending our summers together. This was the way summer began for us, early mornings and late nights, from fishing to helping grandfather fill the orchard sprayer. The east side of the tracks held lots of entertaining things to do: running through the pond agitator, games of hide-and-seek, and taking... Free Essays on Pond Free Essays on Pond The Trolley Track Pond The duck pond by my grandfather’s house still holds a feeling of adventure and fun as well as calmness that I have never experienced anywhere else. It has crystal clear water and trees that have grown just so perfect for climbing. When I was younger I would climb these trees, tying to reach as far as I could before getting too scared and returning to the ground. Then there were days I would climb to a spot in my favorite tree, my â€Å"Pooh Tree† as I called it, which leaned out over the water just right. From this spot in my tree, I could sit there and stare at my reflection in the perfect water, looking at my face with a beautiful background and not have a care in the world. For some reason, I could always go to that spot, sit in that tree and be as far away from all the problems I had in my young life at the age of thirteen. The duck pond was originally dug in 1915 when the trolley tracks that connected from what I remember, Albion and Medina. My grandfather Ronald Haylett dug it to supply water to his orchards and it was also a rest stop for the trolley to pick individuals up for travel. There are still rocks and rails from the old trolley track surrounding the west side of the pond, but it is no longer used for anything, except the pond for spraying orchards, and fishing. Even so, my cousin Stephen and I spent countless days adventuring around there. Our days always began with Stephen sprinting out the front door and me following right behind him yelling for him to slow down and wait as he darted through the backyard. Stephen and I were only two years apart, so it seemed natural for us to be spending our summers together. This was the way summer began for us, early mornings and late nights, from fishing to helping grandfather fill the orchard sprayer. The east side of the tracks held lots of entertaining things to do: running through the pond agitator, games of hide-and-seek, and taking...

Tracing the History and Genealogy of Your Home

Tracing the History and Genealogy of Your Home Have you ever wondered about the history of your house, apartment, church or other building? When was it built? Why was it built? Who owned it? What happened to the people who lived and/or died there? Or, a favorite question as a child, does it have any secret tunnels or cubbyholes? Whether youre looking for documentation for historic status or are just plain inquisitive, tracing a propertys history and learning about the people who have lived there can be a fascinating and fulfilling project. When conducting research on buildings there are usually two types of information that people search for: Architectural facts, such as date of construction, the name of architect or builder, construction materials, and physical changes over time.Historical facts, such as information on the original owner and other residents through time, or interesting events associated with the building or area. A house history may consist of either type of research, or be a combination of both. Get to Know Your Home Begin your search by looking closely at the building for clues about its age. Look at the type of construction, the materials used in construction, the shape of the roofline, the placement of the windows, etc. These types of features may prove useful in identifying the architectural style of the building, which helps in establishing the general construction date. Walk around the property looking for obvious alterations or additions to the building as well as roadways, paths, trees, fences, and other features. It is also important to look at nearby buildings to see whether they contain similar features which will also help to date your property. Talk to relatives, friends, neighbors, even former employees - anyone who might know something about the house. Ask them not only for information about the building, but also about former owners, the land upon which the house was built, what existed at that location prior to construction of the house, and the history of the town or community. Check family letters, scrapbooks, diaries, and photo albums for possible clues. Its even possible (though not likely) that you may find an original deed or even a blueprint for the property. A thorough search of the property may also yield clues between walls, floorboards, and other forgotten areas. Old newspapers were often used as insulation between walls, while journals, clothing, and other items have been found in rooms, closets, or fireplaces that for one reason or another were sealed over. Were not recommending that you knock holes in the walls unless you are planning a restoration, but you should be aware of the many secrets which an older home or building can contain. Chain of Title Search A deed is a legal document used to transfer ownership of land and property. Examining all of the deeds concerning your home or other property is a big step toward learning more about its history. In addition to providing the names of property owners, deeds  may provide information on construction dates, changes in value and use, and even plot maps. Begin with the deed for the current owners of the property and work your way back from one deed to the next, with each deed providing details on who conveyed the property to whom. This list of property owners in succession is known as the chain of title. Though often a tedious process, a title search  is the best method for establishing a chain of ownership for a property. Begin your search for deeds by learning where they were recorded and stored for the time and place in which you are interested. Some jurisdictions are even beginning to place this information online - allowing you to search for current property information by address or owner.  Next, visit the registry of deeds (or location where deeds are recorded for your area) and use the grantee index to search for the present owner in an index of buyers. The index will provide you with a book and page where a copy of the actual deed is located. A number of county deed offices across the U.S. even provide online access to  copies of current, and sometimes historical, deeds. The free genealogy website  FamilySearch also has many historical deed records online in digital format. Digging Into Address Based Records One piece of information that you will almost always have for your home or building is the address. Therefore, once youve learned a bit about the property and looked for local clues, the next logical step is to search for documents that are based on a buildings address and location. Such documents, including property records, utility records, maps, photographs, architectural plans and more, maybe housed in the local library, historical society, local government offices, or even in private collections. Check with your local genealogy library or genealogical society for help finding the location of the following records in your specific locality. Building Permits:  Learn where building permits are kept on file for your buildings neighborhood - these may be held by local building departments, city planning departments, or even county or parish offices. Building permits for older buildings and residences may be preserved at libraries, historical societies or archives. Usually filed by street address, building permits can be especially useful when tracing a house history, often listing the original owner, architect, builder, construction cost, dimensions, materials, and date of construction. Alteration permits provide clues to the buildings physical evolution over time. On rare occasions, a building permit may also lead you to a copy of the original blueprints for your building.Utility Records:  If other means fail and the building isnt too old or rural, the date when utilities were first connected may provide a good indication of when a building was first occupied (i.e. a general construction date). The water company is oft en the best place to start as these records generally pre-date electrical, gas and sewer systems. Just remember that your home could have been built before these systems existed and, in such cases, the date of connection will not indicate the construction date. Insurance Records:  Historical insurance records, most notably fire insurance claim forms, contain information about the nature of an insured building, its contents, value and, possibly, even floor plans. For an exhaustive search, contact all insurance companies who have been active in your area for a long length of time and ask them to check their records for any policies sold for that address.  Fire insurance maps  created by Sanborn and other companies document the size and shape of buildings, locations of doors and windows, and construction materials, as well as street names and property boundaries, for both big cities and small towns. Researching the Owners Once youve explored the historical records of your home, one of the best ways to expand on the history of your home or other building is to trace its owners. A variety of standard sources exist which should help you learn who lived in the house before you, and from there it is just a matter of using a bit of genealogy research to fill in the gaps. You should have already learned the names of some of the previous occupants and, possibly, even the original owners from the chain of title search covered in part one of this article. Most archives and libraries also have pamphlets or articles available which will help you with the specifics of searching for the previous occupants of your home and learning more about their life. Some of the basic sources for tracing the owners of your home include: Phone Books City Directories:  Begin your search by letting your fingers do the walking. One of the best sources for information about the people who lived in your house are old phone books and, if you live in an urban area,  city directories. They can provide you with a timeline of former occupants, and possibly provide you with extra details such as occupations. As you search, it is important to keep in mind that your home may have had a different street number, and your street may have even had a different name. City and phone directories, in combination with  old maps, are usually the best source for these old street names and numbers. You can usually locate old phone books and city directories at local libraries and historical societies.Census Records:  Census records, depending upon the location and time period, may tell you who lived in your home or building, where they came from, how many children they had, the value of the property, and more. Census records can be e specially useful in narrowing down birth, death, and even marriage dates which, in turn, can lead to more records about the homeowners. Census records are not currently accessible beyond the early 20th century in most countries (e.g. 1911 in Great Britain, 1921 in Canada, 1940 in the U.S.) due to privacy concerns, but available records can usually be found at libraries and archives, and online for a number of countries including the  United States,  Canada, and  Great Britain. Church and Parish Records:  Local church and  parish records  can sometimes be a good source for death dates and other information about former occupants of your home. This is a more likely avenue of research in small towns where there arent a lot of churches, however.Newspapers and Obituaries:  If you are able to narrow down  a death date, then  obituaries  can provide you with a wealth of details about the former occupants of your home.  Newspapers  can also be good sources for information on births, marriages, and  town histories, especially if youre lucky enough to find one which has been indexed or digitized. You may even find an article on your home if the owner was prominent in some way. Check with the local library or historical society to learn which newspaper was in operation at the time the former owners lived in the home, and where the archives are located. The U.S. Newspaper Directory at  Chronicling America  is an excellent source for information on what U.S. newspapers were being published in a particular area at a particular time, as well as the institutions which hold copies. A growing number of  historical newspapers can also be found online. Birth, Marriage and Death Records:  Ã‚  If you are able to narrow down a date of birth, marriage or death, then you should definitely investigate vital records. Birth, marriage, and death records are available from a variety of locations, depending upon the location and time period. Information is readily available on the Internet which can point you to these records and provide you with the years they are available. The history of the homeowners is a big part of the history of a house. If youre lucky enough to track former owners all the way down to living descendants, then you may want to consider contacting them to learn more. People who have lived in the home can tell you things about it that you will never find in public records. They may also be in possession of old photos of the home or building. Approach them with care and courtesy, and they may be your best resource yet!

The Transformation of the Music Industry Supply Chain Essay

The Transformation of the Music Industry Supply Chain - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that developments such as Information Technology (IT) have had profound impacts on the way companies do business. Of late, companies have had to rethink the way their activities are coordinated from production to the final consumers. These shifts in company’s actions have not been initiated by technology alone. The theory of investment, changes in consumer preferences, taste and fashion have had a profound impact in shaping company’s strategy. Supply chain management (SCM) has been considered as the most popular operations strategy to help companies sail through these challenges and for improving organisational competitiveness in the twenty-first century. In the 1990s, agile manufacturing (AM) gained momentum and received due attention from both researchers and practitioners as SCM gradually attract interest. Both AM and SCM appear to differ in philosophical emphasis, but each complements the other in objectives for improving organisational competitiveness.Supply Chain Management (SCM) activities are related to problem-solving, information sharing, and cost reduction initiatives. The influences of individual-level antecedents on post-adoption utilisation of a specialised IT within an SCM context were examined by Bradley. Bradley found out that 92% of the people he questioned in1999, were planning to implement one or more supply chain initiatives. Supply chain plans to integrate key business activities through improved relationships at all levels of the supply chains. In short, SCM has become a necessity for any firm seeking to solidify its position in the marketplace. An effective supply chain includes a variety of firms, ranging from those that process raw materials to those engaged in wholesaling and retailing. It also includes organisations engaged in transportation, warehousing, information processing, and materials handling. 1.2 Supply-Chain and the Music Industry Supply chain is a competitive management technique employed within the last two decades to ensure the effective flow of resources, information, services within and organisation network. Today, organisations have adopted it as a strategic competitive weapon as they continue to seek competitive advantage. This quest by organisation explained the recent influx of research into SCM. Hines, P. & Rich, N. (2005) postulated that SCM has become a converging ground for various disciplines and integrate key business activities through improved relationships at all levels of the supply chains (Internal operations, upstream supplier, networks and downstream distribution channels. In figure 1.0 below, I try to look at key players in the music industry and some of their labels. This table has been adapted from http://www.soc.duke.edu . 1.2.1 Warner Music Group Being the largest in the industry, it has total assets of over $16.7 billion. The company started in the 20s following an attempt to control music. It owns the Warner music group with publisher, Warner/Chappel Music Publishing. It merger with EMI Ltd. in 2000 took it to the dominant market position. 1.2.2 Sony Music With the main publisher Sony music publishing and Columbia records, to complement its hardware operations, the management of Sony created a software manufacturing and distribution system. Sony music is a key player in the music indusrty 1.2.3 PolyGram N.V. The company has a Dutch origin and is 75% own by Phillips. The position of the company today resulted from a

Economic Policies of America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Economic Policies of America - Essay Example Economic Policies of America The condition that led to capital accumulation between the years 1940 and 1970 and the development of â€Å"welfare state† in the economies that were centralized within Western Europe, United States, and Japan is known as the ‘Golden Age’. During this era, the world economy came up with conditions that ensured very high investment rates, high growth output, and low inflation and ensured low unemployment (Robert, 2002). The United States Action is based on the Keynesian Revolution theory. Revolutionary theory was a basic change in the divided economic view to a framework that is more unified. The main idea was that a policy should be changed in a way that it would change the unemployment level through deficit spending scenarios such as tax cuts on the industries and public works and also changing the interest rates and the way that money was supplied. The main idea here was that the government could change the level of employment among its citizens. This theory holds that employment is not a function of supply, but demand (Keynes, 2006). Despite the many things that this theory did not cover, America as the super power country decided to come up with policies that were to ensure that there was increased demand for their products. The United States acted among others ensured that there was a common global market with the aim to increase the demand for their products (Keynes, 2006). The theory was adopted by several governments, including the United States of America.

Public life Essay Example for Free

Public life Essay Early Years When Brown and his family moved to New York, he learned that the pro-slavery forces in Kansas were confrontational. Brown left for Kansas after learning that the families of his adult sons were completely unprotected from any possible attack. He collected funds and weapons along the way and even held an anti-slavery convention in Albany. Despite the stir because of his support for unrest to liberate, Brown still managed to get financial support. He gathered more anti-slavery forces in Ohio. Brown and his forces were going to stop at nothing to stop the pro-slavery actions in Kansas. He believed that the pro-slavery forces, or the Border Ruffians, will eventually become violent themselves. He used this as justification for his disregard for the law. Brown was angered by the violence displayed by the Border Ruffians, and also the political manipulations happening to quell the northern abolitionist movement. Brown learned that his family was to be attacked next by the Border Ruffians and the pro-slavery neighbours squealed about the support that his family was giving him. In May 1856, five pro-slavery settlers were killed by Brown’s men. They were taken from their homes and slashed to death by swords. According to Brown, he did approve of the murder, but he never participated in it. Two of Brown’s sons were captured by Henry Pate, a pro-slavery captain. But Pate was soon captured with twenty-two men. Pate was forced to sign a treaty that exchanges their freedom with the freedom of his two sons. Pate was released, but his sons’ release was to be postponed till September. Pro-slavery forces from Missouri came to Kansas under the command of Major General John Reid. They headed towards Osawatomie, Kansas, determined to crush the abolitionist forces there. Some of Reid’s men killed one of Brown’s sons in the morning of August 30, 1956. Brown was clearly outnumbered by Reid’s pro-slavery forces, but they still defended their posts. They managed to wound 40 and kill 20 of the Reid’s men. Reid ordered his men to retreat into the forest, and Brown’s men managed to capture four of Reid’s men. This display of bravery in that situation that clearly went against him was viewed as an act of heroism by Northern abolitionist forces. Brown was then known by the nickname, Osawatomie Brown. A month later, Brown met Free State leaders in Lawrence to help plan for a possible assault by the pro-slavery forces. Pro-slavery forces from Missouri were engaging attacks in Kansas. Battles ensued, though large damages were nipped in the bud when Kansas governor John Geary called for disarmament and offered clemency to soldiers of both sides. Brown fled from Kansas with his sons to gather more funds and support from the north. Brown travelled eastward to collect more funds. In his travels, he met with many prominent abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison and Gerrit Smith. Some of the wealthy abolitionists he met agreed to provide Brown with funds. This group of financers become known as the â€Å"Secret Six†. How much of Brown’s plans the Secret Six knew still remains a mystery until today as these men were just there to fund Brown with â€Å"no questions asked. † On January of the following year, Brown received pledges of weapons from different abolitionist organizations and individuals. He travelled more and continued to look for funding. He received help in forms of numerous pledges but little of these pledges were translated to cash. Brown met with Hugh Forbes in New York in March. He hired Forbes to be the tactician and drillmaster of his army. Both met in Tabor and formulated a plan for their anti-slavery crusade in the south with them disagreeing with some of the details of the plan. They left for Kansas six months later without Forbes receiving his salary. He decided to leave for the east instead of going with Brown to Kansas. Brown travelled to Ontario to attend a Constitutional Convention. Chatham, Ontario’s population were mostly dominated by slave fugitives. It was here that Brown’s provisional constitution was adopted. Brown was elected as the commander-in-chief and Elder Monroe, an African man was elected as minister, and shall act as president until a new one was elected. Many of the delegates signed the Constitution, but only a few joined Brown’s forces. Many intended to join but Forbes attempted to reveal the plans to Henry Wilson, a Massachusetts senator. Many of the members of Brown’s inner circle felt fear that their names will go revealed to the public. The members of the Secret Six were divided. Some of them wanted Brown to execute his plans rapidly, while some insisted for postponement. To derail Forbes’ knowledge of his plan, Brown returned to Kansas and remained there for 6 months. He joined forces with James Montogomery, the leader of the raids in Missouri. Brown led his own attacks, managing to set 11 slaves free. He took the liberated man with him to Detroit and to Canada. He went from city to city to collect more support. He reconnected with the Secret Six, visited his family and departed for Harpers Ferry. Upon arrival in Harpers Ferry, he rented a farmhouse nearby for his new recruits. He never received the number of recruits he expected to come to support him. He revealed the plan to some of his supporters and some of them expressed their worry and qualms about the plan. One of them, Douglass, already knew of Brown’s plan since 1859 and has tried numerous attempts to avert the enlistment of blacks in Brown’s army. Some of the weapons fit for a thousand men arrived late September, but Brown only had 21 men. A month later, Brown led 19 of his men to attack the armory of Harpers Ferry. He planned to distribute the weapons here to arm the slaves in the locality. He would then lead these men to the south to liberate more slaves. His plan was to free the slaves of Virginia to maim the institution and kill off the life-line that kept the economy alive in the south. They easily entered the town and they captured the armory with no resistance. They also spread the news to the local slaves they were going to be freed soon. Things went awry when a passenger train arrived in town. One of the train staff warned the passengers about Brown’s men. Brown ordered him to halt then, but seeing that his warning was not heeded, shot him openly. News of the raid reached Washington by late morning. Brown’s men were held inside the armory by the angry residents of the town. Military men sealed off the bridge, the only escape route available. Brown moved inside the armory and had the doors and windows blocked. The soldiers and townspeople outside prevented the exit of anyone inside the armory, and sometimes, Brown’s men would shoot at the people outside. Brown sent out his son, Watson, and one of his men under the bearing of a white flag and yet the men outside shot them. Exchanges of shots were fired, and Oliver, another of Brown’s sons were wounded and killed. On October 18, John Brown’s fort was surrounded by the military. They were encouraged to surrender, but Brown refused, saying that he would rather die there. The military men then broke the doors and walls of the armory down and captured the men inside. Brown was charged with murder of 5 men, instigation of a rebellion among the slaves and treason against the state of Virginia. The court found him to be guilty on all three counts on November 2. He was sentenced to be publicly hanged a month later. On November 2, after a week-long trial and 45 minutes of deliberation, the Charles town jury found Brown guilty on all three counts. Brown was sentenced to be hanged in public on December 2. Before he died, he wrote, I, John Brown, am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood. I had, as I now think, vainly flattered myself that without very much bloodshed it might be done. METHODOLOGY The results of this study were obtained via data collection from documents from the internet, several books and journals. Data analysis of the information was performed and some personal opinions of the author were also injected into the analysis of the data gathered.

Sense of identity and unity as Americans Essay -- essays research pape

AP AM HISTORY DBQ 2- (An A+ Essays Original Paper, written by Zoo Patrol) To what extent had the colonists developed a sense of their identity and unity as Americans by the eve of the Revolution? Most of the first settlers in America came from England and considered themselves to be Englishmen. At first they relied on their mother country for money, supplies and protection. As the colony became larger and more populous, people gradually started feeling as if they were a separate nation. By the eve of the Revolution the patriotism has built up to such an extent, that the colonists believed America was self-sufficient enough to exist as independent unit from England. At first, America existed just as any of the other English colonies. England provided financial and military assistance, and in turn America shipped goods that were to be sold in England. This mercantilist system worked out at first, but soon, as the population increased people began to feel that many of England's trade policies and laws were unfair. They also expected to be represented in the English Parliament. Edmund Burke said, "Govern America? As you govern an English town which happens not to be represented in Parliament?" (Notes for Speech in Parliament). However, England declined the colonist's requests, and only made the situation worse by declaring harsher laws. Some laws prevented the colonists from trading with other countries, and others placed larger taxes on goods. Soon people felt that "there ...

Principles and Practice of Management Essay

General Manager operation, maintenance, and headed by a chief. The Chief of and under him Mukherjee Maintenance Engineer. The total was 500 workers, 25 executives, (Production), there were services groups, each Maintenance was Shukla was working as the strength of Maintenance and 50 supervisors. Chatterjee was working in Maintenance as a worker for three years. He was efficient. He had initiative and drive. He performed his duties in a near perfect manner. He was a man of proven technical ability with utmost drive and dash. He was promoted as Supervisor. Chattejee, now a Supervisor, was one day passing through the Maintenance Shop on his routine inspection. He found a certain worker sitting idle. He pulled him up for this. The worker retaliated by abusing him with filthy words. With a grim face and utter frustration, Chatterjee reported the matter to Mukherjee. The worker who insulted Chatterjee was a â€Å"notorious character† , and no supervisor dared to confront him. Mukherjee took a serious view of the incident and served a strong warning letter to the worker. Nothing very particular about Chatterjee or from him came to the knowledge of Mukherjee. Things were moving smoothly. Chatterjee was getting along well with others But after about three years, another serious incident took place. A worker came drunk to duty, began playing cards, and using very filthy language. When Chatterjee strongly objected to this, the worker got up and slapped Chatterjee. Later, the worker went to his union – and reported that Chatterjee had assaulted him while he was performing his duties. Chatterjee had no idea that the situation would take such a turn. He, therefore, never bothered to report the matter to his boss or collect evidence in support of his case. The union took the case to Shukla and prevailed over him to take stern action against Chatterjee. Shukla instructed Mukherjee to demote Chatterjee to the rank of a worker. Mukherjee expressed his apprehension that in such a case Chatterjee will be of no use to the department, and. the demotion would adversely affect the morale of all sincere and efficient supervisors. But Chatterjee was demoted. Chatterjee continued working in the organisation with all his efficiency, competence, and ability for two months. Then he resigned stating that he had secured better employment elsewhere. Mukherjee was perturbed at this turn of events. While placing Chatterjee’s resignation letter before Shukla, he expressed deep concern at this development. Shukla called Chief of Personnel for advice on this delicate issue. The Chief of Personnel said, â€Å"l think the incident should help us to appreciate the essential qualification required for a successful supervisor. An honest and hardworking man need not necessarily prove to be an effective supervisor. Something more is required for this as he has to get things done rather than do himself. † Mukherjee said, â€Å"l have a high opinion of Chatterjee. He proved his technical competence and was sincere at his work. Given some guidance on how to deal, with the type of persons he had to work with, the sad situation could h. ave been avoided. † Shukla said, â€Å"l am really sorry to lose Chatterjee, He was very honest and painstaking in his work. But I do not know how I could have helped him; I wonder how he always managed to get into trouble with workers. e know they are illiterates and some of them are tough. But a supervisor must have the ability and presence of mind to deal with such men. I have numerous supervisors, but I never had to teach anybody how to supervise his men. † Questions: (a) Identify the problems in this case. (b) Do you think the decision taken by shukla is i n keeping with the faith, trust and creating developmental climate in the organisation? Critically evaluate (c) How would you help in improving rough and tough behavior of employees? Read the following case and answer the questions given at the end. ABC manufacturing The ABC Manufacturing Company is a metal working plant under the direction of a plant manager who is known as a strict disciplinarian. One day a foreman noticed Bhola, one of the workers, at the time-clock punching out two cards his own and the card of Nathu, a fellow worker. Since it was the rule of the company that each man must punch out his own card, the foreman asked Bhola to accompany him to the Personnel Director, who interpreted the incident as a direct violation of a rule and gave immediate notice of discharge to both workers. The two workers came to see the Personnel Director on the following day. Nathu claimed innocence on the ground that he had not asked for his card to be punched and did not know at the time that it was being punched. He had been offered a ride by a friend who had already punched out and who could not wait for him to go through the punch-out procedure. Nathu was worried about his wife who was ill at home and was anxious to reach home as quickly as possible. He planned to take his card to the foreman the next morning for reinstatement, a provision sometimes exercised in such cases. These circumstances were verified by Bhola. He claimed that he had punched Nathu’s card the same time he punched his own, not being conscious of any wrongdoing. The Personnel Director was inclined to believe the story of the two men but did not feel he could reverse the action taken. He recognized that these men were good workers and had good records prior to this incident. Nevertheless, they had violated a rule for which the penalty was immediate discharge. He also reminded them that it was the policy of the company to enforce the rules without exception. A few days later the Personnel Director, the Plant Manager, and the Sales Manager sat together at lunch. The Sales Manager reported that he was faced with the necessity of notifying one of their best customers that his order must be delayed because of the liability of one department to conform to schedule. The department in question was the one from which the two workers had been discharged. Not only had it been impossible to replace these men to date, but disgruntlement over the incident had led to significant decline in the cooperation of the other workers. The Personnel Director and the Sales Manager took the position that the discharge of these two valuable men could have been avoided if there had been provision for considering the circumstances of the case. They pointed out that the incident was costly to the company in the possible loss of a customer, in the dissatisfaction within the employee group, and in the time and money that would be involved in recruiting and training replacements. The Plant Manager could not agree with this point of view. â€Å"We must have rules if we are to have efficiency; and the rules are no good unless we enforce them.

Impact of television on professional sports Essay

It was in late 1940’s and beginning of 1950’s that television was introduced to the common people. In the words of Marc and Thompson, â€Å"Marshall McLuhan who was earning the distinction of becoming the first ‘media critic,’ described television in the 1950’s as an ‘electronic hearth,’ a kind of proto-cyberworld fireplace, around which families were gathering during this new stage of post-industrial existence. (2005, p. 55) Following sports became completely different with the advent of television. Now there was no need to waste entire day to watch one’s favourite game in the stadium or strain one’s ears to keep track of the latest happenings in the fields through the radio. Those who had not yet brought this powerful medium of entertainment home used to be a part of â€Å"a crowd of people standing in the street in front of an appliance dealership watching TV through the store window. † (Marc and Thompson, 2005, p. 53) So people at homes or as sidewalk audiences started cheering the sportsmen for their efforts that was visible on screen. The television enhanced the status of sports as a social activity that could be viewed at the comfort of homes. It also introduced the masses to different kinds of sports. Earlier people were aware of the sports that were common in their country only. Due to television sportsmen of diverse kinds of sports became household names. Television gave the sportsmen, the fame and recognition across the continents. This was unimaginable otherwise. Boyle and Haynes observed, â€Å"today it is difficult to imagine football without television or a television schedule bereft of football. † (2004, p. 7) This observation is true in a wider context too. Television sector has undergone tremendous growth. Hundred of channels all over the world are dedicated to sports, which telecast not only the game but also each and every aspect of the players’ lives. The top sportsmen enjoy the same fan following and power as the film stars. Where there is maddening fan following and popularity, can money be behind? The salaries of the top players in all the sports have soared really high. It’s no wonder that popular games like tennis, football, cricket etc. have become businesses in their own right. There has been major commercialization of sports since 1950’s – the advent of television. Talking about football Boyle and Haynes lamented, â€Å"the increasing influence that television has exercised over the sport and the unhealthy degree to which clubs have become dependant on television income have meant that the economic aspects of the game have become of considerable interest. † (2004, p. 8) This pathetic state of affairs can be identified with the economics of other professional sports too. All the different sports can be addressed as different products. The mushrooming of rival leagues in each category of product can be compared to different brands of that category, which are constantly trying to outdo each other. This competition or war amongst the rival leagues is benefiting them but deteriorating the spirit of sports. The flow of television money has turned competitive balance into competitive imbalance. However Wigglesworth argued, â€Å"commercialism has always been present in sport in one form or another. It may have begun with the donation of prizes by local tradesmen at holy day recreations and have become more highly organized in rural sports, often sponsored by publicans. † (2007, p. 35) According to Wigglesworth commercialization has helped in the growth of professionalism. This indicates that before 1950’s it was impossible to consider sports as a profession because the players were not paid proper salaries. Thus all the players used to dabble with other professions in order to keep their kitchens running. Since the advent of television, sports have been started being recognised as one of the well-paid professions and each decade after 1950’s has seen a further hike in the players’ salary. The channel boom in the past decade has made the picture rosier for the players as far as their salaries are concerned. Talking about the growth of leagues Wigglesworth observed, â€Å" money from television coverage and all the associated media opportunities was the spur for the bigger clubs to organize themselves into a league†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2007, p.129). He further elaborated â€Å"even cycling clubs have derived commercial benefits from increased television coverage of the sport during the 1980’s and 1990’s. â€Å"(2007, p. 132) It is since the 1980’s that the television started changing the conventional scenario of sports at a much greater pace than ever before. Some of the top rival leagues, which were created in 1960’s and 1970’s to promote sports, merged sports and media and have even started running their own sport channels, thus taking their rivalry to newer areas. The following statement of Holland paints a gloomy picture of the impact of television on sports: â€Å" As the broadcasting of sport gradually becomes as important as the event itself, there has been growing concern over the adaptation of the sports to suit the needs of television. † (2000, p. 138) It is threatening that all the sports event have become a ground of cut throat competition between the satellite, cable and terrestrial broadcasters. To get the exclusive rights of the major sporting events these parties have been bidding higher and higher. This factor has shook competitive balance to a great extent, which has started proving detrimental for the sports on the whole. So to conclude the impact of television has been both good and bad across all sports, whether it is cricket, rugby, boxing, swimming, horse riding tennis etc. It has been most beneficial to the players of popular sports, financially. The creation of rival leagues can be viewed a positive impact but growing unhealthy rivalry amongst them and competitive imbalance has been some of the drawbacks of television. In the words of Wigglesworth, â€Å"One result of the commercialization of sport through television has been the depersonalization of spectator sport with the old fashioned ‘fan’ becoming simply a customer. † (2007, p. 164). References Boyle, R. and Haynes, R. (2004). Football In The New Media Age. New York: Routledge Holland, P. (2000). The Television Handbook. (2nd ed. ). New York: Routledge. Marc, D. and Thompson, R. J. Television In The Antenna Age: A Concise History. USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Walvin, J. (1978). Leisure and Society. UK: Longman. Wigglesworth, N. (2007). The Story Of Sport In England. New York: Routledge.

Rap Music on the Younger Generation Today Essay Example

The Effects of Hip Hop/Rap Music on the Younger Generation Today Essay Example The Effects of Hip Hop/Rap Music on the Younger Generation Today Essay The Effects of Hip Hop/Rap Music on the Younger Generation Today Essay The Effects of hip hop/rap Music on The Younger Generation Today The dynamic era of hip hop emerged in the 1970s through the streets of Bronx, New York City. Now twenty five years old and still counting, the world of hip hop is at a new level. Lil’ Wayne, Kanye West, Rick Ross, 2 Chainz, and Plies are just some of today’s biggest icons in the world of hip hop. Having record hitting tracks that jump off the charts, these rappers are definitely the image the younger generation looks up to. Though, having these amazing tracks, these same iconic figures are said to be the cause of our teenagers heading down the road of destruction. The effects of these lyrics on the teenage society are said to provoke violence, foul language, and enhanced sexual behavior. To begin, the effect of hip hop or rap music on the younger generation today has encouraged youth to become more violent and aggressive. Ever since the rise of rap music, teens have been turning to music to help solve their problems. However, this music cannot be helpful but very destructive. Encouraging raging acts of violence, these lyrics influence and damage the minds of children, teens and young adults. For instance, rapper Plies states, â€Å"Dont tell me shit about what them niggas said, Them niggas just raping, Fuck niggas be bluffing, Killers make shit happen,† in his track called Naan Nigga. The breakdown of these lyrics: It does not matter what another individual states about one, if a person is â€Å"real† one must make violent actions to prove your point in life. The effect of teens listening to music like this is shown in and out of school. More and more students are being arrested and taken to juvenile detention centers due to fighting or bringing weapons to school. For example, my junior year, a student brought a knife to school to threaten another student. During their verbal altercation in the courtyard, the student carrying the knife kept repeating, â€Å"Nigga I’m real, I’ll slit yo throat from ear to ear for talking shit,† while swaying the knife from left to right. In my opinion, this raging act of violence was definitely influence by the anger of music that is being listened to. Another effect from rap music is the usage of foul language. Hip hop music often carries with it a swagger, and way of expression that represents an aggressive culture. Rap lyrics in particular, most often carry the same type of theme and language, and mostly degrading to women and other things. Either way, it introduces teenagers who would have never been exposed to such grammar as the way of life and how to speak slang. From my own experience, I have definitely realized that rap music is not only targeting teens, but also children. For example, my six year old cousin was written up in school for rapping a Nikki Minaj song called â€Å"I Beez in the Trap† during school. She kept repeating the first three lines of the song, â€Å"Bitches aint shit and they ain’t saying nothing. A hundred mothafuckas can’t tell me nothing. I beez in the trap, be-beez in the trap. † Not understanding these lyrics at all, my cousin was only repeating what was seen and heard on the television and radio. For teens and even younger children listening to hip-hop music and watching hip-hop videos day and night, committing the lyrics to memory, the musics language is adopted to one’s way of expression. Finally, the effect of hip hop or rap music influences enhanced sexual behavior. Watching various music videos with sexy bikini models flaunting and moving all lower bodily assets (hip, thighs, and buttocks) to every beat would not only entice an adult man, but also a teenage boy wanting all the same situations himself. Also, teenage girls who watch these same hip-hop video images take on the viewpoints they present of women as their own image. Whether that image is of women being used as objects or to be desired by many. This sexual mindset is believed to lead to increasing unplanned pregnancies and sexually-transmitted diseases among teens. All in all, hip hop music today has a major effect on teenagers. Lyrics containing violence, foul language, and enhanced sexual behaviors definitely encourages the younger generation to portray the same image. Although, it is not the youth’s fault, it is the content that the music contains. Rap music should not be prohibited, but one must be mindful and watch one’s actions.

Biography of Blaise Pascal, Inventor of the Calculator

Biography of Blaise Pascal, Inventor of the Calculator French inventor Blaise Pascal (June 19, 1623–Aug. 19, 1662) was one of the most reputed mathematicians and physicists of his time. He is credited with inventing an early calculator, amazingly advanced for its time, called the Pascaline. Fast Facts: Blaise Pascal Known For: Mathematician and inventor of an early calculatorBorn: June 19, 1623 in Clermont, FranceParents: Étienne Pascal and his wife Antoinette BegonDied: August 19, 1662 in Port-Royal abbey, ParisEducation: Home-schooled, admitted to meetings of the French Academy, studies at Port-RoyalPublished Works: Essay on Conic Sections (1640), Pensà ©es (1658), Lettres Provinciales (1657)Inventions: Mystic Hexagon, Pascaline calculatorSpouse(s): NoneChildren: None Early Life Blaise Pascal was born at Clermont on June 19, 1623, the second of three children of Étienne and Antoinette Bà ©gon Pascal (1596–1626). Étienne Pascal (1588–1651) was a local magistrate and tax collector at Clermont, and himself of some scientific reputation, a member of the aristocratic and professional class in France known as noblesse de robe. Blaises sister Gilberte (b. 1620) was his first biographer; his younger sister Jacqueline (b. 1625) earned acclaim as a poet and dramatist before becoming a nun. Antoinette died when Blaise was 5. Étienne moved the family to Paris in 1631, partly to prosecute his own scientific studies and partly to carry on the education of his only son, who had already displayed exceptional ability. Blaise Pascal was kept at home in order to ensure he was not being overworked, and his father directed that his education should be at first confined to the study of languages. He requested that mathematics not be introduced until his son was 15. This naturally excited the boys curiosity, and one day, being then 12 years old, he asked what geometry was. His tutor replied that it was the science of constructing exact figures and of determining the proportions between their different parts. Blaise Pascal, stimulated no doubt by the injunction against reading it, gave up his play-time to this new study, and in a few weeks had discovered for himself many properties of figures, and in particular the proposition that the sum of the angles of a triangle is equal to two right angles. In response, his father brought him a copy of Euclid. A genius from a young age, Blaise Pascal composed a treatise on the communication of sounds at the age of 12, and at the age of 16 he composed a treatise on conic sections. A Life of Science At the age of 14, Blaise Pascal was admitted to the weekly meetings of Roberval, Mersenne, Mydorge, and other French geometricians, from which, ultimately, the French Academy sprung. In 1641, at the age of 18, Pascal built his first arithmetical machine, an instrument which, eight years later, he further improved and called the Pascaline. His correspondence with Fermat about this time shows that he was then turning his attention to analytical geometry and physics. He repeated Torricellis experiments, by which the pressure of the atmosphere could be estimated as a weight, and he confirmed his theory of the cause of barometrical variations by obtaining at the same instant readings at different altitudes on the hill of Puy-de-Dà ´me. The Pascaline The idea of using machines to solve mathematical problems can be traced at least as far back as the early  17th century. Mathematicians who designed and implemented calculators that were capable of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division included Wilhelm Schickhard, Blaise Pascal, and Gottfried Leibniz. Pascal invented his numerical wheel calculator called the  Pascaline  to help his father, by then a French tax collector, count taxes. The Pascaline had eight movable dials that added up to eight figured long sums and used base ten. When the first dial (ones column) moved 10 notches, the second dial moved one notch to represent the tens column reading of 10. When the second dial moved 10 notches, the third dial (hundreds column) moved one notch to represent one hundred, and so on. Blaise Pascals Other Inventions Roulette Machine Blaise Pascal introduced a very primitive version of the roulette machine in the 17th century. The roulette was a by-product of Blaise Pascals attempts to invent  a  perpetual motion machine. Wrist Watch The first reported person to actually wear a  watch  on the wrist was Blaise Pascal. Using a piece of string, he attached his pocket watch to his wrist. Religious Studies In 1650 while he was in the midst of this  research, Blaise Pascal suddenly abandoned his favorite pursuits to study religion, or, as he says in his Pensà ©es, contemplate the greatness and the misery of man. At about the same time, he persuaded the younger of his two sisters to enter the Benedictine abbey of Port-Royal. In 1653, Blaise Pascal had to administer his fathers estate. He took up his old life again and conducted several experiments on the pressure exerted by gases and liquids. It was also about this period that he invented the arithmetical triangle, and together with Fermat he created the calculus of probabilities. He was meditating marriage when an accident again turned his thoughts to religious life. He was driving a four-in-hand carriage on November 23, 1654, when the horses ran away. The two leaders dashed over the parapet of the bridge at Neuilly, and Blaise Pascal was saved only by the traces breaking. Death Always somewhat of a mystic, Pascal considered this a special summons to abandon the world. He wrote an account of the accident on a small piece of parchment, which for the rest of his life he wore next to his heart to perpetually remind him of his covenant. He moved to Port-Royal shortly after, where he continued to live until his death in Paris on August 19, 1662. Constitutionally delicate, Pascal had injured his health by his incessant study; from the age of 17 or 18 he suffered from insomnia and acute dyspepsia, and at the time of his death he was physically worn out. He neither married nor had children, and at the end of his life he became an ascetic. Modern scholars have attributed his illness to a variety of possible ailments, including gastrointestinal tuberculosis, nephritis, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, and/or irritable bowel syndrome. Legacy Blaise Pascals contribution to computing was recognized by computer scientist Nicklaus Wirth, who in 1972 named his new computer language Pascal (and insisted that it be spelled Pascal, not PASCAL). The Pascal (Pa) is a unit of atmospheric pressure named in honor of Blaise Pascal, whose experiments greatly increased knowledge of the atmosphere. A pascal is the force of one newton acting on a surface area of one square meter. It is the unit of pressure designated by the International System.100,000 Pa 1000 mb or 1 bar. Sources OConnell, Marvin Richard. Blaise Pascal: Reasons of the Heart.  Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1997.  OConnor, J. J. and E. F. Robertson. Blaise Pascal. School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland, 1996. WebPascal, Blaise. Pensà ©es. Trans. W.F. Trotter. 1958. Intro. T.S. Eliot. Mineola, NY: Dover, 2003. Print.Simpson, David. Blaise Pascal (1623–1662). Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2013. Web.  Wood, William.  Blaise Pascal on Duplicity, Sin, and the Fall: The Secret Instinct. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

Professional Nursing Development Plan Assignment

Professional Nursing Development Plan - Assignment Example From this area of focus, a student learns an important area in leadership and development as it explores some of the roles of leadership within the multidisciplinary teams in health care organizations. As a person aspiring to assume a nursing leadership role in future, one learns that teamwork has undoubtedly become an important area of focus for the modern health care sector; it has gained enormous popularity (Arroliga, Huber, Myers, Dieckert and Wesson, 2014). Teamwork is essential in nursing profession because functioning as unit implies that everyone in the healthcare organization will act as a team, and the positive effects are felt on the increased efficient of the job. A leader also learns that team working is crucial in enhancing patients’ experience.In this area of study, I am introduced to the impact that evidence-based practice has on the nursing profession and practice. From this topic, I have learned that evidence-based practice contributes a great deal to healthc are transformation and necessary for redesigning efficient, safe and efficient healthcare. From this area of focus, a student learns that clinical knowledge, basic science knowledge, research findings are the ‘‘evidence’’ while practice-based research results are more likely to produce the most desired patient experience. Evidence-based practice improves the healthcare sector through greater availability of information, a higher level of patient experience and satisfaction, cost containment and quality health care.

Biochemical Individuality Nutrition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Biochemical Individuality Nutrition - Essay Example Shakespeare was correct when he wrote, "One man's meat is another man's poison." (in Walsh, 2000) For instance, "some of us are genetically suited for a vegetable-based diet and others are not. Some people can satisfy their nutritional needs by diet alone and others must have nutritional supplements to overcome genetic aberrations" (Walsh, 2000). On the other hand, serious health problems may develop if a person overconsumes nutrients. After having studied the biochemical individuality of 10,000 persons, Walsh came to a decision that the greatest trouble is typically caused by nutrients that are stored in exceeding amounts, rather than by the lack of them . Due to genetic dissimilarity in the way human body processes foods, vast majority of people are to a certain extent deficient in some nutrients and overloaded in others. Even following an ideal diet, many people have some nutrients at extremely low levels, much lower than the concepts of adequate nutrition and optimum nutrition require. The nutrients which are stored in exceeding amounts in one's body should be avoided by them, keeping from certain kinds of food and vitamins. The most widespread nutrients in overload are following substances: iron, copper, folic acid, manganese, choline, a variety of fatty acids and methionine. But this statement does not contradict to a fact that some people can lack these nutrients. As we know there is a number of manufacturers who produce food supplements and advertise an idea of 'healthy nutrition in a single package'. Being familiar with the issue, I can say that it looks like trying to determine an ideal clothes size for all people. The term ' biochemical individuality' point at individual needs, and multiple nutrients are extremely indiscriminate and may cause to a great harm as well as improve one's health. Doctor Walsh also indicates that he has systemized biochemical types. "After studying the metabolic status of thousands of persons, I discovered that lab chemistry could be predicted with good accuracy based on an individual's traits, symptoms, and family history" (Walsh, 2000). He developed a system of types and classes, which had personal information (case history) as its basis. The vast majority of his clients were divided into 26 types different in metabolism, neurotransmitter production, glucose rates and 'genetic' history.Dr. Williams as a dietician and biologist also made a contribution to the development of the viewpoints regarding biochemical origin of ailment with the progress of the theory of biochemical individuality. He explained physiological differences between people and how they linked to individual reactions to the environmental irritators. At the beginning of 1980s the area of biochemical individuality got its 'fashion' between the sciences of biology, chemistry and physiology as a result of the advancement made in theorizing molecular biology of the genetic material. So-called Human Genome plan designed a major worldwide obligation of scientists to 'decode' the genetic information of life by observing a chain of human chromosomes. As this issue has extended from biochemical institutions around the world, its suggestions have been innovatory in terms of how science had previously viewed genes and chromosomes. The DNA is not seen as a rigid structure any longer. Indeed, as Bishop and Waldholz highlighted in

Video game review- BE CAREFUL IS NOT A MOVIE REVIEW BUT A VIDEO GAME

Video game - BE CAREFUL IS NOT A BUT A VIDEO GAME - Movie Review Example The game is interactive in that the player assumes the role of God and seeks to prevent the humans’ quest of constructing the tower. This is done through punishing as many workers achievable using electric bolts, using wind to blow them away, killing them with fire and drowning the workers in floods. The game creators clearly tried to incorporate elements evident in the original story. The control options in the game are varied, but the gamer is encouraged to employ the kinect hardware (Venter, 2012). This is, however, cumbersome that the use of hand controls since the player is engrossed in determining how to move their body when issuing commands. This is because motion controls are employed as opposed to standard controllers. It is, therefore, more practical to use the standard controllers. The games strong points are in its unique story line and its impressive graphics depicting the workers are expertly animated. The action and the employment of strategy by the player also gives the game an edge. It, however, has its low points with the music being monotonous since it is repetitive. The multiplayer option also fails to impress since the game becomes cumbersome to see. The game overall is engaging, but becomes tiresome as one plays it for a

Film Auteur Theory

Film Auteur Theory ‘The auteur theory can be summarised most simply as an acknowledgement of the director as the primary and shaping force behind a film (Craig Keller). How is Godards ‘primary and shaping influence detectable, if indeed, it is? Introduction The auteur theory or la politique des auteurs was a principle developed in the 1950s by a group of French film critics namely: Eric Rohmer, Francois Truffaut and Jean-Luc Godard. These critics wanted to see an end to the â€Å"literary†, â€Å"lifeless† and not â€Å"truly cinematic† conventional cinema of the 1930s and 1940s. Inspired by fellow film critic Alexandre Astrucs camera-stylo theory which argued that â€Å"filmmakers should use their equipment as spontaneously, flexibly and personally as a writer uses a pen† these young critics wanted to break the constraints of conventional cinema. Through the experimentation of different cinematic techniques they began to implement their own personal artistic values in films, as directors. It was therefore their belief that an auteur is â€Å"the single individual most responsible for whatever personal expression (if any) a movie yielded up under critical analysis†. This definition has become the most universally understood of the auteur theory and therefore the one which will be referred to during this essay. Prior to the development of the auteur theory, a large majority of films were produced, shot and edited in a similar style. Large studios, with fixed cameras and the scriptwriter having overall control were the order of the day thus creating a rigid style of film production. The auteurs became the primary shaping force behind a movie, manipulating scenes to fit their style rather than employing the traditional method of following scriptwriters prompts. The auteur theory was initiated in the 1950s by a group of French Film Critics including the likes of Eric Rohmer, Francois Truffaut, Jean-Luc Godard and Jacques Rivette. These critics spoke out against la tradition de la qualità © of cinema from the 1930s and 40s a period coined le cinà ©ma de papa claiming it to be â€Å"literary†, â€Å"lifeless† and not â€Å"truly cinematic†. In terms of the auteur theory Jean-Luc Godard was seen as the truly radical auteur. By most he is today seen as one of the most innovative and artistic directors having created his own ‘Gordards style. Whilst for others such as Susan Sontag he is ‘the deliberate destroyer of cinema. Either way Godard epitomizes a director out to challenge traditional cinema. Through his early films, such as Vivre sa Vie: Film en douze tableaux (1962) and Une femme est une femme he began to interrogate and illuminate conventional cinema via new cinematic and artistic techniques. He has since become very much the pivotal protagonist of the auteur theory. Objectives This essay will assess the extent to which Jean-Luc Godards ‘primary and shaping influence is detectable in his films. In the main body of this essay I will consider Godards ability to implement his own cinematic style through several inventive techniques. I will consider his ability to challenge the barriers between off screen and on screen reality through his use of sound and editing techniques. I will however, also argue that any kind of definition of the auteur theory oversimplifies the realities of a film making process and can therefore not be seen as a definitive theory. Andrew Sarris explains, one of the premises for an auteur is that the director must ‘exhibit certain recurring characteristics of style which serve as his signature†¦over a group of his films. It is therefore my intention to make reference to four of Godards films to highlight his during the Nouvelle Vague period. I will, therefore, make reference to four of Godards films: A bout de Souffle (1960), Une femme est une femme (1961), Vivre sa vie: Film en douze tableaux (1962) and Le Mepris (1963) to demonstrate†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ When cosidering these films one of the most common trends noticeable is his need to challenge the barriers of off screen and on screen reality. Prior to the Nouvelle Vague, films were predominantly revised novels put on screen. To most directors As Kreidel suggested in 1980 â€Å"[N]o one has yet made a more modern cinema than Godard†. Indeed, Godard through his reaction against traditional realism typifies someone who represents reality with recourse to conventional cinema. Prior to the Nouvelle Vague, directors followed very strict rules in their film making process in which they filmed in large studios with artificial lighting and with scripts which prevented improvisation. Godard completely reversed these rules in his films by directing them in a very spontaneous manner. Following the release of A Bout de Souffle actor Jean-Pierre Melville who played Parvulesco in the film said Godards movie was â€Å"anything shot anyhow†. Godard himself confirmed that â€Å"on A Bout de Souffle I used to write the evening before shooting.† According to Godard, the reason for him doing this was because â€Å"I liked to be surprised. If you know in advance everything you are going to do, it isnt worth doing. If a sh ow is all written down, what is the point of filming it? What use is cinema if it trails after literature?† This idea of filmmaking was revolutionary at the time and was a way in which Godard was implementing his own directional style to his movies. One of Godards earliest artistic influences came when directing his first motion picture A Bout de Souffle. Despite the film being a simple naturalistic movie with the camera following the characters in a deliberately real world filming realistic images, several factors led to the film being cut, mainly due to the length of the film. This created one of Godards most innovative filming techniques, the jump shot, and an editing method which would truly show Godard ability as a cinematic artist. The jump shot essentially create discontinuity in his films as it would catapult the action from one scene to the next with no palpable transition. One of the most noticeable examples of Godards jump shots in A Bout de Souffle came in the scene when Jean Seberg who plays Patricia is a passenger in the scene when Jean-Paul Belmondos character Michel drives her round the centre of Paris in a stolen convertible. During this scene there are up to seven jump shots in rapid succession of the position of Patricia head and the streets of Paris. In creating such a deliberately jagged shot Godard reminds the audience that they are watching a film, and not life itself, a concept vital to Godard when directing his films. One of the most innovative ways in which Godards primary and shaping force is evident in his films can be shown through his use of colour. In conventional cinema, colour was generally used in order to increase the commerciality of films. When it was occasionally used, it enhanced the mood in separate scenes. Godard as a notable auteur employed a far more ambitious use of colour. In his first two colour films Une femme est une femme and Le Mà ©pris he predominantly used primary colours due to him being influenced by â€Å"modern art: straight color, ‘pop art†. Godard uses bold primary colours to indicate the characterisation and narrative development in his films but in such a way that it does not act upon the viewer in a directly sensual way. In Godards first colour film Une femme est une femme, Angela is intent on having a child with her husband Emile. Emile however, is not so keen on the idea and comes across as rather blasà © about the subject; he predominantly wear s blue in the film which symbolises his rather laid back nature. After being repeatedly refused by Emile on the topic of having a baby, Angela goes to Emiles friend Albert to have an affair in the hope to conceive. Albert despite being happy to oblige feels no real affection for Angela and this is shown as he mainly wears grey to symbolise his disinterest in her. In Godards second colour film Le Mà ©pris Godard continues the pattern of using colour to represent characters personalities but tends to also use colour thematically. In the opening scene, when Camille is lying in bed with Paul discussing how much they love each other, Godard uses colour filters which are seen as a representative of what is going to happen in the film. If one considers that red symbolises love, white incertitude and blue coldness then it maps out what happens in the film, love to ambivalence to contempt. Furthermore, when examining the colours that are worn by the characters in the film, the reoccurring theme of Godard using colour to represent personality reappears. Paul the scriptwriter in the film is seen in a grey suit with blue specks highlighting his passive personality during the film. Jerry the ambitious American film producer is mostly seen in a blue suit, red tie and driving a red sports car which in turn highlights his dominant greedy and selfish nature. In addition, Camille is shown in several coloured dresses throughout the film so as to emphasize her continual change of emotions. Finally Francesca, Jerrys secretary wears a red jumper in the scene when she seduces Paul which again emphasizes Godards attempt to symbolise emotional currents in the film. It is important to note that several critics have suggested that on top of Godard using colour thematically the primary colours are also a referent to American musicals, a genre which fascinated Godard. This referent is most evidently seen in the opening credits of Une femme est une femme when bold colourful words flash up on the screen like neon lights reflecting the lavishness of the American musical. Furthermore, other critics suggest that the primary colours are a referent to either the French flag or American flag which again represents Godards primary and shaping influence within this film. A pivotal part in defining Godard as the primary and shaping force of his films can be seen in his use of sound. Prior to the Nouvelle Vague, sound was employed in film to replicate audibly the visual emotion of a scene in order to captivate the audience and make a scene appear more ‘realistic. Martin Heidegger highlights this tradition by saying that viewers have become accustomed to sounds â€Å"elegant effects† and thus treats them as real. Godard however, firmly believed that in ‘faking sound to captivate the audience, one is taking away the realism which he wanted in films. A point agreed by Richard Roud who suggested that â€Å"even in the most so-called realist film, sound has always been an exception†. It was therefore Godards intention to restore sound so that it would captivate ‘real life by refusing to edit or remix any previously recorded track, which he defined as sonic realism. One of Godards most notable examples of this was seen in A Bout de Souffle. Due to the sound being naturally recorded there are several scenes in the film when some of the characters conversations are muffled by natural or real noises. The use of natural sound reaches a peak during the scene in Patricias apartment when the noise of the sirens bellowing in through the open window actually drowns out the characters dialogue. Rather than being a distraction that takes the viewer out of the moment, the use of natural sou nd here, and throughout the film, only heighten the realism. After all, in life, it would be unrealistic to sit in a room with an open window in the centre of Paris and not hear any intrusive sounds. Jean Colet praises Godards creation of realism through sound stating â€Å"[Godard applies] to sound the same demands as for the pictures. [He captures] life in what it offers to be seen-and to be heard-directly.† Godards artistic use of sound can also be seen through his use of music in his films. In Godards Une Femme est une Femme he begins to break up music in short bursts. This use of music gives the sense of the film as a sort of assemblage different bits of the material world put together in a particular way. This further exemplifies Godards use of experimentation as when asked about his use of sound and music he said Things are there: but lets see how they work. Second Section It is undeniable that Godard has produced some of the most inspiring and innovative films through his use of story line and cinematic techniques. His exploitation of light, colour, and sound, editing and alienating the audience showed Godard had revolutionised traditional French cinema and in doing so has inspired modern day film directors such as Quentin Tarrantino. However, in using Kellers summary that an auteur is simply the primary and shaping force of his films it is unquestionably oversimplifying the realities of the film making process. As Godard changed so much in his films compared to traditional cinema it is not possible for him to be praised for every aspect of his films creation. Godard said in an interview in 1983: â€Å"I find it useless to keep offering the public the ‘auteur. In Venice, when I got the prize of the Golden Lion I said that I deserve only probably the mane of this lion, and maybe the tail. Everything in the middle should go to all the others who work on the picture: the paws to the director of photography, theface to the editor, the body to the actors. I dont believe in the solitude of†¦the auteur with a capital A†. Furthermore, Godard admitted that him and the likes of Truffaut, Rohmer and Rivette whilst taking the plaudits for the auteur theory, exaggerated the significance of the theory so as to establish personal expression as one of the primary values in Nouvelle Vague films. Several theorists have also raised doubts as to the significance of the auteur. Foulcault and Roland Barthes suggest that all creative ideas are moulded by the social and political forces that surround us. They go on to state that ideas are contrived from the knowledge that one has gained from past experiences. If one puts this in the context of Godards films it would suggest that Godards cinematic ideas and techniques were influenced by what he has learnt from past experiences. An example of this can be seen in his indirect use of Brechtian distanciation. Whilst it is evident that he was inspired by Brechts idea of alienating the audience to prevent them from being passive observers can one really claim that Godards cinematic techniques were not the result of Brechts indirect influence? Furthermore, when analysing many of Godards films, Godard refers to several quotes from the likes of William Faulkner and Edgar Poe. These are quotes which could have been easily edited but instead G odard â€Å"taste for quotation† suggests that he is not the primary and shaping force in his films.